Gum disease, known formally as periodontal disease or periodontitis, can result in tooth loss if untreated. It begins as inflammation and irritation of the gingival tissues, or gums, that surround and support your teeth. These symptoms are caused by toxins found in the plaque that builds up on your teeth and gum tissue, leading to bacterial infection.

When bacterial infection invades the gingival tissue, deep pockets form between the teeth and the gums. If the infection is allowed to progress, periodontal disease begins to destroy not only the gum tissue, but also the underlying jawbone, which can lead to tooth loss. In severe cases, the bacteria from the infection can enter the bloodstream and cause problems elsewhere in the body.

The good news is that early treatment of gingivitis, or mild inflammation, can completely reverse the effects of gum disease.